Manifold Interpolating Optimal-Transport Flows for Trajectory Inference

Guillaume HuguetDaniel Sumner MagruderAlexander TongOluwadamilola FasinaManik KuchrooGuy WolfSmita Krishnaswamy

article2022NeurIPS126 citationsBest Paper Award

Develops MIOFlow, a framework combining neural ordinary differential equations and optimal transport to reconstruct continuous biological trajectories from static snapshot measurements while respecting intrinsic data geometry.

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Modern biomedical technologies, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, capture rich biological snapshots but destroy cells during measurement, making it impossible to observe continuous individual cell trajectories directly over time. Reconstructing continuous, dynamic cellular processes from these discrete, static snapshots is critical for understanding developmental biology, disease progression, and treatment response mechanisms.

The article develops and evaluates a computational framework called Manifold Interpolating Optimal-Transport Flow (MIOFlow) to learn continuous, stochastic population dynamics and infer individual trajectories from static snapshot data. The objective is to demonstrate that MIOFlow accurately interpolates unmeasured intermediate states while constraining dynamic paths to the natural geometry of the data manifold.

The researchers designed a two-part computational approach combining manifold learning and neural ordinary differential equations regularized by optimal transport. First, they constructed a Geodesic Autoencoder that maps high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional latent space while preserving intrinsic manifold distances using a newly defined diffusion geodesic metric. Second, they trained neural differential equations with an added diffusion term to model population trajectories directly in this latent space, penalizing deviations between predicted and observed distributions using optimal transport. The method was evaluated on synthetic branching datasets and two real-world biological datasets: human embryoid body differentiation over 27 days and acute myeloid leukemia cells undergoing a seven-day chemotherapy regimen.

The evaluation revealed several key findings in order of importance. First, MIOFlow accurately reconstructed continuous paths along complex bifurcations and merging branches without taking artificial shortcuts across empty space, substantially outperforming alternative models like TrajectoryNet and Diffusion Schrödinger Bridges. Second, in held-out timepoint evaluations, MIOFlow reduced interpolation error metrics by roughly 50% to over 60% compared to baseline and competing methods on synthetic benchmarks. Third, MIOFlow operated dramatically faster than continuous normalizing flow baselines, reducing training times from over an hour to under five minutes on benchmark tasks because it avoids high-order Jacobian trace calculations. Fourth, on biological single-cell data, the framework accurately captured non-monotonic gene expression patterns during neuronal development and revealed how leukemia cells transition toward drug-resistant stem cell signatures during chemotherapy.

These findings demonstrate that embedding dynamic flows within an intrinsic manifold geometry provides a scalable, computationally efficient solution for modeling complex biological trajectories. By operating in latent space and eliminating the need for rigid Gaussian priors or heavy derivative computations, the approach lowers computational costs and minimizes modeling artifacts. This allows researchers to reliably map out cellular drug-resistance pathways, reducing technical risk when identifying therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

Organizations analyzing dynamic population snapshots can adopt this framework to reconstruct lineage trajectories and study time-dependent interventions. To support future implementation, practitioners should evaluate unbalanced optimal transport formulations when addressing severe cell proliferation or death, and conduct preliminary validation on sampling density before scaling up analysis.

The primary limitations include sensitivity to irregular timepoint spacing and the potential for standard differential equation solvers to struggle with numerically stiff dynamics. Confidence in the empirical results is high given rigorous benchmarking across both synthetic datasets and real-world genomic datasets, though caution is recommended when applying the model to populations with extreme, unmeasured growth-rate imbalances.

arXiv: 2206.14928
  • Paper: Neural Ordinary Differential Equations, Ricky T. Q. Chen et al. (2018). Introduces Neural Ordinary Differential Equations and continuous-time normalizing flows, providing the fundamental differential equation framework that MIOFlow adapts for latent trajectory learning.
  • Paper: Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equations, Yang Song et al. (2021). Establishes the continuous stochastic differential equation formulation for generative modeling that underlies continuous population dynamics and diffusion bridge approaches.
  • Paper: Supervised Training of Conditional Monge Maps, Charlotte Bunne et al. (2022). Develops methods for learning continuous optimal transport maps between unpaired single-cell populations across biological conditions, framing the core snapshot-matching problem addressed by MIOFlow.
  • Paper: Variational Inference with Normalizing Flows, Danilo Jimenez Rezende et al. (2015). Provides the foundational principles of continuous density transformations and normalizing flows used to construct invertible latent representations.
  • Paper: Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models, Jonathan Ho et al. (2020). Introduces the standard formulation of denoising diffusion models, establishing the stochastic path mechanics that MIOFlow constrains along data manifolds.
Cover for Manifold Interpolating Optimal-Transport Flows for Trajectory Inference

Abstract

We present a method called Manifold Interpolating Optimal-Transport Flow (MIOFlow) that learns stochastic, continuous population dynamics from static snapshot samples taken at sporadic timepoints. MIOFlow combines dynamic models, manifold learning, and optimal transport by training neural ordinary differential equations (Neural ODE) to interpolate between static population snapshots as penalized by optimal transport with manifold ground distance. Further, we ensure that the flow follows the geometry by operating in the latent space of an autoencoder that we call a geodesic autoencoder (GAE). In GAE the latent space distance between points is regularized to match a novel multiscale geodesic distance on the data manifold that we define. We show that this method is superior to normalizing flows, Schrödinger bridges and other generative models that are designed to flow from noise to data in terms of interpolating between populations. Theoretically, we link these trajectories with dynamic optimal transport. We evaluate our method on simulated data with bifurcations and merges, as well as scRNA-seq data from embryoid body differentiation, and acute myeloid leukemia treatment.

Table of Contents

  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Preliminaries and Background
  • 3 Manifold Interpolating Optimal-Transport Flow
  • 3.1 Geodesic Autoencoder Embedding
  • 3.2 Inferring Trajectories
  • 4 Results
  • 4.1 Artificial Data
  • 4.2 Single-Cell Data
  • 5 Related Work
  • 6 Conclusion
  • 7 Limitations and Broader Impact
  • Acknowledgments and Disclosure of Funding
  • References

Knowls

  1. Knowl 1 — Diffusion Geodesic Distance

    definition

    Let X={x1,…,xn}⊂Rk\mathcal{X} = \{x_1, \dots, x_n\} \subset \mathbb{R}^k be a discrete dataset sampled from an underlying Riemannian manifold M\mathcal{M}. Let Kϵ∈Rn×nK_\epsilon \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n} be an affinity matrix with entries (Kϵ)ij=kϵ(xi,xj)(K_\epsilon)_{ij} = k_\epsilon(x_i, x_j), where kϵk_\epsilon is a kernel function (such as a Gaussian kernel or an α\alpha-decay kernel with bandwidth ϵ\epsilon). Let QQ be a diagonal matrix with Qii=∑j(Kϵ)ijQ_{ii} = \sum_j (K_\epsilon)_{ij}, and let Mϵ=Q−1KϵQ−1M_\epsilon = Q^{-1} K_\epsilon Q^{-1} denote the density-normalized kernel matrix. The row-stochastic Markov diffusion operator is defined as Pϵ=D−1MϵP_\epsilon = D^{-1} M_\epsilon, where DD is a diagonal matrix with Dii=∑j=1n(Mϵ)ijD_{ii} = \sum_{j=1}^n (M_\epsilon)_{ij}. The stationary distribution of the Markov chain is π\pi, with πi=Dii/∑jDjj\pi_i = D_{ii} / \sum_j D_{jj}.

    Let (Pϵ)i:2k(P_\epsilon)_{i:}^{2^k} denote the ii-th row of the 2k2^k-step transition matrix (Pϵ)2k(P_\epsilon)^{2^k}, representing the transition probability distribution after 2k2^k random walk steps starting at xix_i.

    For α∈(0,1/2)\alpha \in (0, 1/2) and a maximum scale integer K≥0K \ge 0, the diffusion geodesic distance Gα(xi,xj)G_\alpha(x_i, x_j) between two points xi,xj∈Xx_i, x_j \in \mathcal{X} is defined as:

    Gα(xi,xj):=∑k=0K2−(K−k)α∥(Pϵ)i:2k−(Pϵ)j:2k∥1+2−(K+1)/2∥πi−πj∥1G_\alpha(x_i, x_j) := \sum_{k=0}^K 2^{-(K-k)\alpha} \| (P_\epsilon)_{i:}^{2^k} - (P_\epsilon)_{j:}^{2^k} \|_1 + 2^{-(K+1)/2} \|\pi_i - \pi_j\|_1

    This multiscale metric accumulates L1L^1 differences between diffusion distributions across dyadic time scales 20,21,…,2K2^0, 2^1, \dots, 2^K, discretely approximating the continuous heat kernel diffusion ground distance on M\mathcal{M}.

  2. Knowl 2 — Geodesic Autoencoder Architecture and Objective

    model/method

    The Geodesic Autoencoder (GAE) embeds high-dimensional data X⊂Rk\mathcal{X} \subset \mathbb{R}^k into a latent space Z=Rd\mathcal{Z} = \mathbb{R}^d (d≪kd \ll k) such that the Euclidean distance between latent representations preserves the diffusion geodesic distance GαG_\alpha.

    The network comprises an encoder ϕ:Rk→Z\phi : \mathbb{R}^k \to \mathcal{Z} and an optional decoder ϕ−1:Z→Rk\phi^{-1} : \mathcal{Z} \to \mathbb{R}^k. Given a batch of NN subsampled points {x1,…,xN}\{x_1, \dots, x_N\}, the encoder is trained to minimize the mean squared error (MSE) distance matching loss:

    L(ϕ):=2N∑i=1N∑j>i(∥ϕ(xi)−ϕ(xj)∥2−Gα(xi,xj))2L(\phi) := \frac{2}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N \sum_{j > i} \left( \|\phi(x_i) - \phi(x_j)\|_2 - G_\alpha(x_i, x_j) \right)^2

    When ambient space reconstruction is required (e.g., to trace individual gene expression over time), the autoencoder is trained with an additional reconstruction loss:

    Lr:=∑x∈X∥ϕ−1(ϕ(x))−x∥2L_r := \sum_{x \in \mathcal{X}} \|\phi^{-1}(\phi(x)) - x\|_2

    Because GαG_\alpha is calculated on subsamples of size NN, the computational overhead of powering the full n×nn \times n diffusion matrix is eliminated, allowing evaluation across multiple dyadic diffusion scales while maintaining inductive generalization and denoising capability.

  3. Knowl 3 — Convergence of Diffusion Geodesic Distance to Riemannian Manifold Geodesic

    theoretical result

    Let (M,dM)(\mathcal{M}, d_\mathcal{M}) be a closed mm-dimensional Riemannian manifold with geodesic distance dMd_\mathcal{M}, and let X={x1,…,xn}\mathcal{X} = \{x_1, \dots, x_n\} be samples drawn from M\mathcal{M}.

    For any α∈(0,1/2)\alpha \in (0, 1/2), sufficiently large dyadic scale limit KK, sample size NN, and kernel bandwidth ϵ→0\epsilon \to 0, the discrete diffusion geodesic distance Gα(xi,xj)G_\alpha(x_i, x_j) approximates the manifold geodesic distance with high probability:

    Gα(xi,xj)≃dM2α(xi,xj)∀xi,xj∈XG_\alpha(x_i, x_j) \simeq d_\mathcal{M}^{2\alpha}(x_i, x_j) \quad \forall x_i, x_j \in \mathcal{X}

    Consequently, if an encoder ϕ:Rk→Z\phi : \mathbb{R}^k \to \mathcal{Z} achieves zero distance matching loss L(ϕ)=0L(\phi) = 0, the Euclidean distance in the latent space satisfies:

    ∥ϕ(xi)−ϕ(xj)∥2≃dM2α(xi,xj)∀xi,xj∈X\|\phi(x_i) - \phi(x_j)\|_2 \simeq d_\mathcal{M}^{2\alpha}(x_i, x_j) \quad \forall x_i, x_j \in \mathcal{X}

    When α\alpha is chosen close to 1/21/2, the Euclidean metric ∥ϕ(xi)−ϕ(xj)∥2\|\phi(x_i) - \phi(x_j)\|_2 in the latent embedding space Z\mathcal{Z} is equivalent to the Riemannian geodesic distance dM(xi,xj)d_\mathcal{M}(x_i, x_j) on the data manifold.

  4. Knowl 4 — Dynamic Optimal Transport on Latent Manifold Path Space

    theoretical result

    Let μ\mu and ν\nu be two probability distributions on a data manifold, and let f(x,t)f(x, t) be a time-varying vector field defining trajectories via the ordinary differential equation dXt=f(Xt,t)dtdX_t = f(X_t, t)dt with time-evolving density ρt\rho_t. Let D(μ,ν)D(\mu, \nu) be a distribution dissimilarity measure satisfying D(μ,ν)=0D(\mu, \nu) = 0 if and only if μ=ν\mu = \nu.

    There exists a sufficiently large regularization weight λ>0\lambda > 0 such that the 2-Wasserstein distance W2(μ,ν)2W_2(\mu, \nu)^2 equals the penalized path-space energy functional:

    W2(μ,ν)2=inf⁡XtE[∫01∥f(Xt,t)∥22 dt]+λD(ρ1,ν)subject to X0∼μW_2(\mu, \nu)^2 = \inf_{X_t} \mathbb{E}\left[ \int_0^1 \|f(X_t, t)\|_2^2 \, dt \right] + \lambda D(\rho_1, \nu) \quad \text{subject to } X_0 \sim \mu

    Furthermore, when the trajectories XtX_t are defined within the Geodesic Autoencoder latent space Z\mathcal{Z} whose Euclidean metric preserves the diffusion geodesic distance Gα≃dM2αG_\alpha \simeq d_\mathcal{M}^{2\alpha}, the dynamic 2-Wasserstein transport in Z\mathcal{Z} is equivalent to dynamic optimal transport with respect to the manifold geodesic ground distance:

    W2(μ,ν)≃WdM2α(μ,ν)W_2(\mu, \nu) \simeq W_{d_\mathcal{M}^{2\alpha}}(\mu, \nu)

  5. Knowl 5 — MIOFlow Trajectory Inference Loss Functions

    equation

    Given TT discrete empirical distributions μi=1ni∑x∈Xiδx\mu_i = \frac{1}{n_i} \sum_{x \in X_i} \delta_x observed at timepoints i∈{0,1,…,T−1}i \in \{0, 1, \dots, T-1\}, a Neural ODE parameterized by vector field fθ(x,t)f_\theta(x, t) produces transported empirical distributions μ^i=1ni∑x∈X^iδx\hat{\mu}_i = \frac{1}{n_i} \sum_{x \in \hat{X}_i} \delta_x, where X^i=ψθ(X0,i)\hat{X}_i = \psi_\theta(X_0, i).

    MIOFlow trains the Neural ODE parameters θ\theta by minimizing the composite loss L=Lm+Le+LdL = L_m + L_e + L_d, comprising:

    1. Marginal matching loss (enforcing endpoint distribution consistency via discrete 2-Wasserstein distance): Lm:=∑i=1T−1W2(μ^i,μi)L_m := \sum_{i=1}^{T-1} W_2(\hat{\mu}_i, \mu_i)

    2. Kinetic energy regularization loss (minimizing trajectory path energy): Le:=λe∑i=1T−1∫i−1i∥fθ(xt,t)∥22 dtL_e := \lambda_e \sum_{i=1}^{T-1} \int_{i-1}^i \|f_\theta(x_t, t)\|_2^2 \, dt

    3. Manifold density loss (penalizing predicted points that drift away from the data manifold support): Ld:=λd∑t=1T−1∑x∈X^tℓd(x,t)L_d := \lambda_d \sum_{t=1}^{T-1} \sum_{x \in \hat{X}_t} \ell_d(x, t) ℓd(x,t):=∑i=1kmax⁡(0,min-k({∥x−y∥:y∈Xt})−h)\ell_d(x, t) := \sum_{i=1}^k \max\left(0, \text{min-k}(\{\|x - y\| : y \in X_t\}) - h\right) where min-k\text{min-k} denotes the distance to the kk-nearest neighbors in the observed sample XtX_t, h>0h > 0 is a distance threshold, and λe,λd>0\lambda_e, \lambda_d > 0 are regularization hyperparameters.

  6. Knowl 6 — Stochastic Population Dynamics via Learnable Diffusion Annealing

    model/method

    To account for stochasticity in biological differentiation trajectories (such as cell fate bifurcations), MIOFlow models particle paths via a stochastic differential equation (SDE):

    dXt=fθ(Xt,t)dt+σt dBtdX_t = f_\theta(X_t, t)dt + \sqrt{\sigma_t} \, dB_t

    where BtB_t is standard Brownian motion and {σt}t=0T−1\{\sigma_t\}_{t=0}^{T-1} is a set of TT learnable time-dependent variance parameters.

    Early in training, non-zero diffusion σt>0\sigma_t > 0 disperses initial samples X0X_0, promoting exploration across divergent paths and bifurcating branches. As optimization progresses, the learned diffusion parameters empirically converge toward zero (σt→0\sigma_t \to 0). In the zero-diffusion limit, the trajectory paths converge to deterministic dynamic 2-Wasserstein optimal transport geodesics. For small σt\sigma_t, the flow is numerically integrated using standard ODE solvers (analogous to the Euler–Maruyama scheme), avoiding the severe computational cost of general SDE solvers.

  7. Knowl 7 — MIOFlow Training Algorithm

    algorithm

    MIOFlow infers continuous population trajectories by first training a Geodesic Autoencoder (GAE) to project samples onto a geodesic-preserving latent manifold, followed by two-stage local and global Neural ODE training.

    Input: Datasets X0,…,XT−1X_0, \dots, X_{T-1}, graph kernel KϵK_\epsilon, maximum scale KK, noise scale ξ\xi, batch size NN, max GAE iterations nmax⁡n_{\max}, initialized encoder ϕ\phi and decoder ϕ−1\phi^{-1}, local iterations nlocaln_{\text{local}}, global iterations nglobaln_{\text{global}}, initialized neural ODE ψθ\psi_\theta, loss weights λe,λd\lambda_e, \lambda_d, lower bound hh.
    Output: Trained Neural ODE ψθ\psi_\theta.
    ϕ,ϕ−1←GAE(X,Kϵ,K,ξ,N,nmax⁡,ϕ,ϕ−1)\phi, \phi^{-1} \leftarrow \text{GAE}(X, K_\epsilon, K, \xi, N, n_{\max}, \phi, \phi^{-1})
    if using GAE embedding then
        for t=0t = 0 to T−1T-1 do
            Xt←ϕ(Xt)X_t \leftarrow \phi(X_t)
        end for
    end if
    for i=1i = 1 to nlocaln_{\text{local}} do
        for t=0t = 0 to T−2T - 2 do
            X^t+1←ψθ(Xt,t+1)\hat{X}_{t+1} \leftarrow \psi_\theta(X_t, t + 1)
        end for
        Lm←∑t=0T−2W2(μ^t+1,μt+1)L_m \leftarrow \sum_{t=0}^{T-2} W_2(\hat{\mu}_{t+1}, \mu_{t+1})
        Le←λe∑t=0T−2∫tt+1∥fθ(xu,u)∥22 duL_e \leftarrow \lambda_e \sum_{t=0}^{T-2} \int_t^{t+1} \|f_\theta(x_u, u)\|_2^2 \, du
        Ld←λd∑t=0T−2∑x∈X^t+1ℓd(x,t+1)L_d \leftarrow \lambda_d \sum_{t=0}^{T-2} \sum_{x \in \hat{X}_{t+1}} \ell_d(x, t+1)
        L←Lm+Le+LdL \leftarrow L_m + L_e + L_d
        Update θ\theta via gradient descent on LL
    end for
    for i=1i = 1 to nglobaln_{\text{global}} do
        X^1,…,X^T−1←ψθ(X0,{1,…,T−1})\hat{X}_1, \dots, \hat{X}_{T-1} \leftarrow \psi_\theta(X_0, \{1, \dots, T-1\})
        Lm←∑t=1T−1W2(μ^t,μt)L_m \leftarrow \sum_{t=1}^{T-1} W_2(\hat{\mu}_t, \mu_t)
        Le←λe∑t=1T−1∫t−1t∥fθ(xu,u)∥22 duL_e \leftarrow \lambda_e \sum_{t=1}^{T-1} \int_{t-1}^t \|f_\theta(x_u, u)\|_2^2 \, du
        Ld←λd∑t=1T−1∑x∈X^tℓd(x,t)L_d \leftarrow \lambda_d \sum_{t=1}^{T-1} \sum_{x \in \hat{X}_t} \ell_d(x, t)
        L←Lm+Le+LdL \leftarrow L_m + L_e + L_d
        Update θ\theta via gradient descent on LL
    end for
    return ψθ\psi_\theta
  8. Knowl 8 — Quantitative Trajectory Interpolation Performance on Synthetic and Simulated Datasets

    data/table

    The trajectory interpolation accuracy of MIOFlow was benchmarked against TrajectoryNet (continuous normalizing flow) and Diffusion Schrödinger's Bridge (DSB) on two synthetic datasets with complex bifurcations: the 2D Petal dataset and the 5D Dyngen single-cell simulator dataset. Models were evaluated by holding out timepoint t=2t=2 and computing 1-Wasserstein distance (W1W_1), Gaussian-kernel Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD(G)), linear-kernel Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD(M)), and total training runtime.

    Petal Dyngen
    Method W1W_1 MMD(G) MMD(M) Runtime W1W_1 MMD(G) MMD(M) Runtime
    MIOFlow (ours) 0.090 0.029 0.005 284.60 s 0.783 0.199 0.509 95.63 s
    TrajectoryNet 0.181 0.136 0.002 64 m 1.499 0.303 1.806 62 m
    DSB 0.199 0.157 0.008 86 m 2.051 0.932 2.367 81 m
    Baseline 0.221 0.196 <<0.001 N/A 1.388 1.008 0.926 N/A

    MIOFlow achieved lower W1W_1 and MMD(G) errors on both datasets while running in under 5 minutes, compared to over an hour for TrajectoryNet and DSB. The efficiency gain stems from avoiding the O(k2)O(k^2) Jacobian trace evaluations required by continuous normalizing flows and computing optimal transport directly on the manifold support.

  9. Knowl 9 — Ablation of Geodesic Autoencoder Embeddings on Embryoid Body scRNA-seq Data

    data/table

    The impact of the Geodesic Autoencoder (GAE) manifold embedding was evaluated on single-cell RNA sequencing data of human embryoid body (EB) differentiation over 27 days (reduced to 200 PCA components). Leave-one-out interpolation accuracy was assessed at timepoints t=2t=2 (days 12-15) and t=3t=3 (days 18-21) using W1W_1, MMD(G), and MMD(M) metrics comparing GAE with a Gaussian kernel (scale 0.5), GAE with an α\alpha-decay kernel (30-nearest neighbor graph), and training without GAE embedding (No GAE).

    t=2t = 2 t=3t = 3
    Configuration W1W_1 MMD(G) MMD(M) W1W_1 MMD(G) MMD(M)
    GAE Gaussian 26.318 0.059 101.969 32.963 0.138 223.679
    GAE α\alpha-decay 25.744 0.061 99.747 32.227 0.135 213.465
    No GAE 29.243 0.063 126.608 35.709 0.119 246.609
    Baseline 33.415 0.103 227.279 35.319 0.095 213.492

    Embedding the data with GAE prior to flow learning consistently reduced W1W_1 distance and linear MMD across held-out timepoints compared to operating without GAE, with the α\alpha-decay kernel yielding the best overall W1W_1 accuracy (25.74425.744 at t=2t=2 and 32.22732.227 at t=3t=3).

  10. Knowl 10 — Limitations of MIOFlow

    limitation

    MIOFlow has two main limitations:

    1. Numerical stiffness in ODE solvers: The method relies on generic ODE numerical solvers and adjoint sensitivity methods; if the learned velocity field fθ(x,t)f_\theta(x, t) exhibits stiff dynamics during training, ODE integration can fail or suffer from diminished prediction accuracy.
    2. Sensitivity to time-bin uniformity: The optimal transport interpolation assumes relatively uniform temporal sampling across snapshot timepoints. Highly irregular sampling or variable population growth/death rates can skew the transport flow (a limitation that could potentially be addressed by replacing balanced optimal transport with unbalanced optimal transport).

Coverage note — None was omitted; all key theoretical definitions, convergence theorems, model formulations, optimization algorithms, empirical benchmarking tables, and stated limitations are included.

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Citation

MLA
Huguet, G., et al. “Manifold Interpolating Optimal-Transport Flows for Trajectory Inference”. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 35, 2022, pp. 29705–18, https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2022/file/bfc03f077688d8885c0a9389d77616d0-Paper-Conference.pdf.
APA
Huguet, G., Magruder, D. S., Tong, A., Fasina, O., Kuchroo, M., Wolf, G., & Krishnaswamy, S. (2022). Manifold Interpolating Optimal-Transport Flows for Trajectory Inference. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 35, 29705–29718. https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2022/file/bfc03f077688d8885c0a9389d77616d0-Paper-Conference.pdf
Chicago
Huguet, G., D. S. Magruder, A. Tong, et al. 2022. “Manifold Interpolating Optimal-Transport Flows for Trajectory Inference”. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 35: 29705–18. https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2022/file/bfc03f077688d8885c0a9389d77616d0-Paper-Conference.pdf.
Harvard
Huguet, G. et al. (2022) “Manifold Interpolating Optimal-Transport Flows for Trajectory Inference”, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. Curran Associates, Inc., pp. 29705–29718. Available at: https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2022/file/bfc03f077688d8885c0a9389d77616d0-Paper-Conference.pdf.
Vancouver
1. Huguet G, Magruder DS, Tong A, Fasina O, Kuchroo M, Wolf G, Krishnaswamy S (2022) Manifold Interpolating Optimal-Transport Flows for Trajectory Inference. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. Curran Associates, Inc., pp 29705–29718

BibTeX

@inproceedings{huguet2022manifold,
  title = {Manifold Interpolating Optimal-Transport Flows for Trajectory Inference},
  author = {Huguet, Guillaume and Magruder, Daniel Sumner and Tong, Alexander and Fasina, Oluwadamilola and Kuchroo, Manik and Wolf, Guy and Krishnaswamy, Smita},
  year = {2022},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {29705-29718},
  url = {https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2022/file/bfc03f077688d8885c0a9389d77616d0-Paper-Conference.pdf}
}
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