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ImageNet models

ImageNet models are deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks and vision transformers, that have been trained on the ImageNet visual dataset to perform large-scale image classification and object recognition. These models learn rich visual representations from millions of labeled images spanning thousands of object categories, establishing them as standard benchmarks for evaluating computer vision architectures. In addition to direct image categorization, ImageNet models are extensively used as pretrained foundational architectures for transfer learning across specialized downstream visual tasks, as well as reference systems for studying visual generalization, model interpretability, and vulnerability to adversarial manipulation.

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Deep neural networks are easily fooled: High confidence predictions for unrecognizable images

Deep neural networks are easily fooled: High confidence predictions for unrecognizable images

Anh Nguyen, Jason Yosinski, Jeff Clune

OrganizationsCornell UniversityUniversity of Wyoming

Why you should read this

Demonstrates that state-of-the-art deep neural networks can be easily fooled into classifying human-unrecognizable images as familiar objects with near 100% confidence, exposing fundamental differences between machine and biological vision.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently been achieving state-of-the-art performance on a variety of pattern-recognition tasks, most notably visual classification problems. Given that DNNs are now able to classify objects in images with near-human-level performance, questions naturally arise as to what differences remain between computer and human vision. A recent study revealed that changing an image (e.g. of a lion) in a way imperceptible to humans can cause a DNN to label the image as something else entirely (e.g. mislabeling a lion a library). Here we show a related result: it is easy to produce images that are completely unrecognizable to humans, but that state-of-the-art DNNs believe to be recognizable objects with 99.99% confidence (e.g. labeling with certainty that white noise static is a lion). Specifically, we take convolutional neural networks trained to perform well on either the ImageNet or MNIST datasets and then find images with evolutionary algorithms or gradient ascent that DNNs label with high confidence as belonging to each dataset class. It is possible to produce images totally unrecognizable to human eyes that DNNs believe with near certainty are familiar objects, which we call "fooling images" (more generally, fooling examples). Our results shed light on interesting differences between human vision and current DNNs, and raise questions about the generality of DNN computer vision.

Added

2026-09-11