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sensor nodes (sensor node)
Sensor nodes are compact, autonomous electronic devices equipped with sensing components, a microprocessing unit, memory, a power supply, and a wireless transceiver. Operating collaboratively within wireless sensor networks, an individual sensor node gathers physical or environmental measurements, such as temperature, pressure, acoustic signals, or motion, and processes the data locally before transmitting it across single-hop or multi-hop wireless links to a central base station or sink node. Because these nodes are frequently deployed in distributed, inaccessible, or harsh environments with limited battery capacities, their architecture and communication protocols are heavily optimized for low power consumption through techniques such as dynamic sleep states, local data aggregation, and ambient energy harvesting.
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