Elastically deformable models

Demetri TerzopoulosJohn PlattAlan BarrKurt Fleischer

article1987SIGGRAPH2,305 citations
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Simulating realistic cloth and deformable materials is a fundamental challenge in computer graphics, digital animation, and interactive software design. The article compiles a foundational reference list tracing key milestones in computational cloth modeling, spanning from 1987 through 2010. Its objective is to document the progression of research addressing how digital fabric moves, drapes, collides, and responds to real-world physical forces.

The article outlines this technical evolution by curating landmark literature across several decades. The documented approaches range from early physical formulations of elastic models and particle-based systems to advanced numerical techniques that allow large time steps, robust collision and friction handling, interactive clothing manipulation, parameter estimation from real-world video, and modern reduced-space models for real-time performance.

Together, these citations reflect the critical trajectory of digital cloth simulation: moving from basic physical realism to numerical stability, user interactivity, and ultimately real-time execution. While the article functions strictly as a bibliographic record rather than an analytical study, it serves as a roadmap for technical teams seeking standard methods in deformable surface animation. Organizations seeking to implement cloth physics should consult the primary sources listed to evaluate specific algorithms against their own performance and fidelity requirements.

  • Paper: Animating rotation with quaternion curves, Ken Shoemake (1985). Reading this foundational quaternion animation paper first provides the critical mathematical prerequisites for representing spatial orientations and rotations in deformable computer graphics models.
  • Paper: Free-form deformation of solid geometric models, T. Sederberg et al. (1986). Reviewing this early free-form deformation technique builds essential background on how flexible geometric lattices and trivariate polynomials shape solid models prior to physical simulation.

Abstract

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Table of Contents

  • Reference List 2/26/13

Knowls

  1. Knowl 1 — Curated Reference Bibliography on Physically Based Cloth Simulation

    data/table

    The document provides a reference list compiling eight foundational works in computer graphics on physically based cloth simulation, animation, and interaction (dated February 26, 2013):

    1. Terzopoulos et al. (1987), Elastically deformable models (ACM SIGGRAPH): Formulation of continuum-mechanics-based elastic models for animation.
    2. Breen, House, and Wozny (1994), Predicting the Drape of Woven Cloth Using Interacting Particles (SIGGRAPH): Particle system modeling designed to reproduce the mechanical drape behavior of woven fabric.
    3. Baraff and Witkin (1998), Large steps in cloth simulation (SIGGRAPH): Implicit numerical integration and constraint handling enabling stable, large time-step cloth simulation.
    4. Bridson, Fedkiw, and Anderson (2002), Robust treatment of collisions, contact and friction for cloth animation (SIGGRAPH): Collision handling, impact zones, continuous collision detection, and friction modeling for cloth.
    5. Choi and Ko (2002), Stable but responsive cloth (SIGGRAPH): Semi-implicit time integration for cloth addressing post-buckling instability and responsive dynamics.
    6. Igarashi and Hughes (2002), Clothing manipulation (ACM UIST): Interactive user interfaces and geometric manipulation techniques for putting garments on 3D characters.
    7. Bhat et al. (2003), Estimating cloth simulation parameters from video (ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics SCA): Optimization pipeline for extracting physical cloth material parameters by matching video footage.
    8. de Aguiar et al. (2010), Stable spaces for real-time clothing (ACM TOG): Subspace reduction techniques for real-time, stable dynamic simulation of garments.

Coverage note — The provided document is exclusively a one-page reference bibliography containing eight citations to external cloth simulation literature, with no original experimental, theoretical, or methodological contributions.

References

  1. 1.Terzopoulos, Demetri, John Platt, Alan Barr, and Kurt Fleischer. "Elastically deformable models." In ACM Siggraph Computer Graphics, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 205-214. ACM, 1987. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/jplatt/siggraph87-elastic.pdf
  2. 2.D.E. Breen, D.H. House and M.J. Wozny, "Predicting the Drape of Woven Cloth Using Interacting Particles," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '94 Conference, (Orlando, FL, July 1994) pp. 365-372.
  3. 3.Baraff, David, and Andrew Witkin. "Large steps in cloth simulation." In Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pp. 43-54. ACM, 1998. http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~baraff/papers/sig98.pdf
  4. 4.Bridson, Robert, Ronald Fedkiw, and John Anderson. "Robust treatment of collisions, contact and friction for cloth animation." SIGGRAPH 2002. http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/cloth-sig02/
  5. 5.Choi, Kwang-Jin, and Hyeong-Seok Ko. "Stable but responsive cloth." SIGGRAPH 2002. http://graphics.snu.ac.kr/~kjchoi/publication/cloth.pdf http://graphics.snu.ac.kr/~kjchoi/cloth.htm
  6. 6.Igarashi, Takeo, and John F. Hughes. "Clothing manipulation." In Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, pp. 91-100. ACM, 2002. http://www-ui.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~takeo/research/cloth/index.html
  7. 7.Bhat, Kiran S., Christopher D. Twigg, Jessica K. Hodgins, Pradeep K. Khosla, Zoran Popović, and Steven M. Seitz. "Estimating cloth simulation parameters from video." In Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, pp. 37-51. Eurographics Association, 2003. http://graphics.cs.cmu.edu/projects/clothParameters/
  8. 8.de Aguiar, Edilson, Leonid Sigal, Adrien Treuille, and Jessica K. Hodgins. "Stable spaces for real-time clothing." ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 29, no. 4 (2010): 106. http://drp.disneyresearch.com/projects/cloth/

Citation

MLA
Terzopoulos, D., et al. “Elastically Deformable Models”. Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, 1987, pp. 205–14, https://doi.org/10.1145/37401.37427.
APA
Terzopoulos, D., Platt, J., Barr, A., & Fleischer, K. (1987). Elastically deformable models. Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1145/37401.37427
Chicago
Terzopoulos, D., J. Platt, A. Barr, and K. Fleischer. 1987. “Elastically Deformable Models”. Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, 205–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/37401.37427.
Harvard
Terzopoulos, D. et al. (1987) “Elastically deformable models”, Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. ACM, pp. 205–214. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1145/37401.37427.
Vancouver
1. Terzopoulos D, Platt J, Barr A, Fleischer K (1987) Elastically deformable models. In: Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. ACM, pp 205–214

BibTeX

@inproceedings{Terzopoulos_1987, series={SIGGRAPH ’87}, title={Elastically deformable models}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/37401.37427}, DOI={10.1145/37401.37427}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques}, publisher={ACM}, author={Terzopoulos, Demetri and Platt, John and Barr, Alan and Fleischer, Kurt}, year={1987}, month=Aug, pages={205–214}, collection={SIGGRAPH ’87} }
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