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recursive learning

Recursive learning is a machine learning technique in which a model iteratively applies shared transformations or updates its parameters and representations in a step-by-step, self-referential manner. In deep neural network design, this method involves reusing identical weight matrices or computational modules across consecutive processing stages, allowing the model to increase its effective depth and receptive field without expanding the total count of trainable parameters. In incremental and analytic learning settings, recursive learning refers to updating a model formulation recursively using current data and prior intermediate states, thereby integrating new knowledge continuously and preventing the loss of past information without requiring the storage or reprocessing of historical datasets.

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ACIL: Analytic Class-Incremental Learning with Absolute Memorization and Privacy Protection

ACIL: Analytic Class-Incremental Learning with Absolute Memorization and Privacy Protection

Huiping Zhuang, Zhenyu Weng, Hongxin Wei, Renchunzi Xie, Kar-Ann Toh, Zhiping Lin

OrganizationsNanyang Technological UniversitySouth China University of TechnologyYonsei University

Why you should read this

Proposes an analytic class-incremental learning framework that mathematically matches the performance of joint training without storing historical exemplar data, eliminating catastrophic forgetting while protecting data privacy across multi-phase learning tasks.

Class-incremental learning (CIL) learns a classification model with training data of different classes arising progressively. Existing CIL either suffers from serious accuracy loss due to catastrophic forgetting, or invades data privacy by revisiting used exemplars. Inspired by linear learning formulations, we propose an analytic class-incremental learning (ACIL) with absolute memorization of past knowledge while avoiding breaching of data privacy (i.e., without storing historical data). The absolute memorization is demonstrated in the sense that class-incremental learning using ACIL given present data would give identical results to that from its joint-learning counterpart which consumes both present and historical samples. This equality is theoretically validated. Data privacy is ensured since no historical data are involved during the learning process. Empirical validations demonstrate ACIL's competitive accuracy performance with near-identical results for various incremental task settings (e.g., 5-50 phases). This also allows ACIL to outperform the state-of-the-art methods for large-phase scenarios (e.g., 25 and 50 phases).

Added

2026-09-26