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multimodal translation

Multimodal translation is a machine learning process that converts or maps information from one modality into another while preserving the underlying semantic content. Rather than simply fusing different data types together, this task takes an input representation in a source modality, such as text, audio, or visual data, and generates a coherent, corresponding output in a different target modality. Common examples include image captioning, text-to-image synthesis, and speech-to-text generation. A primary challenge in multimodal translation is handling the open-ended and often subjective nature of cross-modal mapping, where a single input can have multiple valid representations in the target modality.

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Multimodal Machine Learning: A Survey and Taxonomy

Multimodal Machine Learning: A Survey and Taxonomy

Tadas Baltrušaitis, Chaitanya Ahuja, Louis-Philippe Morency

OrganizationsCarnegie Mellon University

Why you should read this

Establishes a comprehensive taxonomy for multimodal machine learning by structuring the field around five fundamental technical challenges: representation, translation, alignment, fusion, and co-learning.

Our experience of the world is multimodal - we see objects, hear sounds, feel texture, smell odors, and taste flavors. Modality refers to the way in which something happens or is experienced and a research problem is characterized as multimodal when it includes multiple such modalities. In order for Artificial Intelligence to make progress in understanding the world around us, it needs to be able to interpret such multimodal signals together. Multimodal machine learning aims to build models that can process and relate information from multiple modalities. It is a vibrant multi-disciplinary field of increasing importance and with extraordinary potential. Instead of focusing on specific multimodal applications, this paper surveys the recent advances in multimodal machine learning itself and presents them in a common taxonomy. We go beyond the typical early and late fusion categorization and identify broader challenges that are faced by multimodal machine learning, namely: representation, translation, alignment, fusion, and co-learning. This new taxonomy will enable researchers to better understand the state of the field and identify directions for future research.

Added

2026-09-10