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multi-hop fact checking

Multi-hop fact checking is the computational process of verifying the veracity of a complex claim by retrieving, connecting, and reasoning over multiple disparate pieces of evidence across multiple intermediate steps. Unlike standard or single-hop verification, where a claim can be directly confirmed or refuted by a single isolated statement, multi-hop fact checking requires an automated system to decompose a claim into interconnected sub-questions, gather relevant information across multiple documents, structured tables, or knowledge bases, and link these findings sequentially along a logical chain of reasoning. This approach is essential for evaluating sophisticated, real-world statements involving relational comparisons, numerical aggregations, or compound facts where no single source provides the complete ground truth on its own.

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