Long-range video understanding is a branch of computer vision and artificial intelligence dedicated to analyzing, interpreting, and reasoning about extended video content that spans minutes, hours, or entire narratives. Unlike traditional video recognition methods that process short, few-second clips to identify isolated actions, long-range video understanding models track complex temporal dependencies, evolving storylines, and contextual relationships across multiple shots, scenes, and events over prolonged durations. Developing these systems requires computational architectures designed to overcome memory and processing bottlenecks associated with long frame sequences, enabling tasks such as scene boundary detection, video summarization, temporal event localization, and long-form narrative comprehension.