Facial deformations are geometric changes and spatial displacements applied to the structure of a three-dimensional facial surface or model to alter its shape. In computer vision and graphics, these deformations are used to represent both static anatomical differences that distinguish individual facial identities and dynamic surface movements caused by muscle activity, speech, and emotional expressions. By mapping a neutral canonical shape to various target states through blendshapes, continuous deformation fields, or implicit representations, facial deformation modeling enables the realistic synthesis, tracking, and animation of human faces.